Nekuwedzera kwekupinda kwesimba rinodzokororwa, kuvandudzwa kwesimba rinochengetwa kwenguva refu kwave tsika, uye nzira dzehunyanzvi dzekuchengetedza simba kwenguva refu dzinosanganisira kuchengetwa kwesimba rinopombwa, kuchengetwa kwemafuta emunyu wakanyungudutswa, kuchengetwa kwemvura inoyerera, kuchengetwa kwemhepo yakamanikidzwa, uye kuchengetwa kwehydrogen muzvikamu zvishanu. Padanho rino, kushandiswa kwekuchengetedza simba rinopombwa ndiko kwakanyanya kukura, asi zvakanakira zvekuchengetedza simba remhepo yakamanikidzwa ndezvikuru, kushanda zvakanaka, mutengo wakaderera, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuchena, uye kunogona kubvisa zvirambidzo zvenzvimbo, zvinotarisirwa kuva chimwe chekuwedzera kuchengetwa kwesimba rinopombwa.
Kuchengetedza simba remhepo yakamanikidzwa ndekwenzvimbo yekuchengetedza simba kwenguva refu, inogona kuitwa kwenguva yakareba kupfuura maawa mana kana mazuva, mwedzi yekuchaja nekuburitsa simba rehurongwa hwekuchengetedza simba, mukugadzirisa kushanduka-shanduka kwekugadzirwa kwesimba idzva mubasa rezvakanakira zvikuru.
Sekureva kwemukuru weChinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Energy Storage Research and Development Center, XuYuJie, mune ramangwana, hurongwa hwemagetsi hwenyika yedu imhando itsva yesimba idzva sehurongwa hwemagetsi hukuru, uye simba remhepo, kugadzirwa kwesimba re photovoltaic uye mamwe magetsi anodzokororwa ane simba nekuchinja-chinja uye mukana wekuwana simba rakawanda, zvichakonzera njodzi dzekuchengetedza. Panguva ino, kudiwa kwehurongwa hwekuchengetedza simba senzira inochinjika yekugadzirisa hurongwa hwemagetsi. Kuchengetwa kwesimba remhepo yakamanikidzwa chinhu chakakosha.
"Tekinoroji yekuchengetedza simba remhepo yakamanikidzwa haisi itsva, tekinoroji yekuchengetedza simba remhepo yakamanikidzwa yagara ichishandiswa muGermany, United States kwemakore mazhinji, asi tekinoroji yekuchengetedza simba remhepo yakamanikidzwa yagara ichishandiswa pamafuta efossil, kudiwa kwemapako makuru echisikigo, kushanda zvakanaka kwekuchengetedza simba kwakaderera nezvimwe zvinhu, kukwidziridzwa kukuru kunogara kuri kushoma." Xu Yujie akati sisitimu yepamusoro yekuchengetera simba remhepo yakamanikidzwa muChina inodzokorodza kupisa kwakamanikidzwa, haichashandisi mafuta efossil, uye inogona kushandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzakadai semidziyo yekuchengetera iri pamusoro pevhu, makamuri ekugadzira uye mapako echisikigo ari pasi pevhu kuvaka makamuri ekuchengetera. Pamusoro pezvo, sisitimu iyi inovandudza zvakanyanya kushanda zvakanaka kwekuchengetedza simba.
Parizvino, ichishandisa tekinoroji yekuchengetedza simba remhepo ine simba re100 MW, China yakavaka chiteshi chekutanga chepasi rose chekuchengetedza simba remhepo ine simba re100 MW, uye yakabatana negrid kuti igadzire magetsi. Chiteshi chemagetsi ichi chiri muZhangbei County, Hebei Province, uye pasi rose chakavakwa uye chinoshandiswa muchirongwa ichi, chikuru uye chakanakisa chechiteshi chitsva chemagetsi emhepo ine simba rekuchengetedza simba. Chinogona kugadzira magetsi anosvika mamiriyoni 132 kWh pagore, zvichipa dziviriro yepamusoro yemagetsi kune vashandisi vanosvika zviuru makumi mashanu. Panguva imwe chete, inogona kuchengetedza matani zviuru makumi mana nezviviri emarasha akajairwa uye kuderedza matani zviuru gumi nezvipfumbamwe ecarbon dioxide pagore.
Ndezvipi zvakanakira kuchengetedza simba remhepo yakamanikidzwa pane mamwe marudzi matsva ekuchengetedza simba? Zvose, zvinogona kupfupikiswa seyakachengeteka, inogara kwenguva refu uye simba rakasimba rekuputika. Chekutanga, kuchengetedza simba remhepo yakamanikidzwa kwakachengeteka zvikuru. Tora purojekiti yekuchengetedza simba remhepo yakaderedzwa mvura semuenzaniso, nekuti kunyungudika kwemhepo yakamanikidzwa kuri nyore kwazvo, saka kuichengeta kunoda mamegapascal mashoma ekumanikidzwa, usazvidya moyo nezvekuchengetwa kwemhepo yakamanikidzwa kwakanyanya kunounzwa nenjodzi yakavanzwa, panguva imwe chete iyo carbon dioxide haina chepfu, haibati uye inoputika, kuchengetedzeka kwayo kwakanaka kwazvo. Pamusoro pezvo, nekuti zvese zvishandiso zvemakanika, hupenyu hwemasisitimu ekuchengetedza simba remhepo yakamanikidzwa hunogona kusvika makore 30-50 pasi pekuchengetedzwa kwakajairika. "Kuchengetedza simba remhepo yakamanikidzwa inzira yepanyama yakavakirwa pakufamba kwemhepo, iyo ine zvakanakira zvechisikigo maererano nekuchengetedzeka uye kudzikira kwekushanda, uye inoonekwa seimwe yetekinoroji huru yekuchengetedza simba." Zvichibva pazvakanakira izvi, Chen Haisheng, muongorori paInstitute of Engineering Thermophysics yeChinese Academy of Sciences, akati kushandiswa kwetekinoroji yekuchengetedza simba remhepo yakamanikidzwa kwakakosha zvikuru uye kudiwa kukuru kwemusika kuti zvinangwa zvenyika zvine kabhoni mbiri zvizadzike uye kuvandudzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Zvakakosha kutaura kuti simba rinobuda kubva mumhepo yakamanikidzwa kuchengetedza simba rakasimba. Izvi zvinogona kushanda zvakananga mune mamwe mashandisirwo akakosha. Semuenzaniso, kana injini dzedhiziri dzichishandiswa mungarava hombe, mhepo yakamanikidzwa inowanzo chengetwa mutangi rekumanikidza uye inoshanda zvakananga papiston kuburikidza nevharuvhu chaiyo yekutangisa kuti itenderedze crankshaft isati yatanga kupinza mafuta. Kurongeka uku kwakapfava uye kwakachipa pane mota yekutangisa yemagetsi ine saizi imwe chete, uye inogona kupa simba rakawanda rinodiwa pasina kuisa mutoro wakawandisa pajenareta yengarava uye sisitimu yekugovera.
Kune masisitimu ekuchengetera simba remhepo yakamanikidzwa, China iri kuwedzera kusimbisa kuratidzira kukuru uye mashandisirwo, ichiunganidza ruzivo mukugadzira nekuvaka mainjiniya, uye ichigadzira cheni yeindasitiri yakakwana uye yakakura kuti ikurumidze kuvaka nekushandisa mashandisirwo awo.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-14-2023
